You are viewing the site in preview mode

Skip to main content

Table 3 Linear regression analyses to determine associations between stereopsis and cognitive functions

From: The association between stereoscopic vision and cognitive function on community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study

Cognitive functions

Stereopsis

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Model 5

β (95% CI)

MMSE

Good

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Moderate

-0.10 (-1.09, -0.20)

-0.06 (-0.80, 0.02)

-0.06 (-0.78, 0.03)

-0.06 (-0.80, 0.01)

-0.05 (-0.71, 0.12)

Poor

-0.14 (-1.41, -0.50)

-0.10 (-1.12, -0.28)

-0.10 (-1.12, -0.28)

-0.11 (-1.15, -0.32)

-0.08 (-0.98, -0.09)

Word list memory

Good

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Moderate

-0.14 (-1.85, -0.62)

-0.10 (-1.43, -0.31)

-0.10 (-1.42, -0.30)

-0.10 (-1.42, -0.30)

-0.09 (-1.41, -0.27)

Poor

-0.12 (-1.76, -0.49)

-0.09 (-1.40, -0.25)

-0.09 (-1.39, -0.24)

-0.09 (-1.40, -0.25)

-0.09 (-1.40, -0.18)

Word list recall

Good

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Moderate

-0.11 (-0.76, -0.16)

-0.07 (-0.61, -0.04)

-0.07 (-0.61, -0.04)

-0.07 (-0.61, -0.04)

-0.08 (-0.63, -0.05)

Poor

-0.08 (-0.67, -0.06)

-0.06 (-0.55, 0.03)

-0.05 (-0.54, 0.04)

-0.06 (-0.56, 0.03)

-0.06 (-0.60, 0.02)

Word list recognition

Good

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Moderate

0.01 (-0.35, 0.48)

0.02 (-0.29, 0.53)

0.02 (-0.29, 0.54)

0.02 (-0.33, 0.51)

0.01 (-0.35, 0.48)

Poor

-0.03 (-0.61, 0.24)

-0.02 (-0.57, 0.27)

-0.02 (-0.57, 0.28)

-0.03 (-0.61, 0.25)

-0.04 (-0.70, 0.22)

Digit span forward

Good

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Moderate

-0.10 (-0.85, -0.16)

-0.06 (-0.63, -0.01)

-0.06 (-0.63, 0.00)

-0.06 (-0.63, 0.00)

-0.06 (-0.62, 0.02)

Poor

-0.14 (-1.06, -0.35)

-0.09 (-0.80, -0.15)

-0.09 (-0.79, -0.15)

-0.10 (-0.82, -0.17)

-0.09 (-0.81, -0.12)

Digit span backward

Good

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Moderate

-0.08 (-0.53, -0.05)

-0.04 (-0.38, 0.07)

-0.04 (-0.37, 0.07)

-0.04 (-0.35, 0.09)

-0.02 (-0.29, 0.17)

Poor

-0.15 (-0.79, -0.30)

-0.11 (-0.62, -0.16)

-0.11 (-0.62, -0.16)

-0.11 (-0.62, -0.16)

-0.07 (-0.50, -0.01)

Digit span total

Good

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Moderate

-0.11 (-1.33, -0.31)

-0.07 (-0.96, -0.05)

-0.07 (-0.95, -0.04)

-0.06 (-0.93, -0.02)

-0.05 (-0.86, 0.07)

Poor

-0.17 (-1.86, -0.81)

-0.12 (-1.43, -0.49)

-0.12 (-1.43, -0.49)

-0.13 (-1.45, -0.51)

-0.10 (-1.31, -0.31)

TMT-A correct response

Good

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Moderate

-0.08 (-0.46, -0.05)

-0.07 (-0.42, -0.01)

-0.07 (-0.42, -0.01)

-0.07 (-0.42, -0.02)

-0.05 (-0.36, 0.05)

Poor

-0.72 (-0.43, -0.01)

-0.06 (-0.38, 0.04)

-0.05 (-0.38, 0.04)

-0.06 (-0.38, 0.04)

-0.02 (-0.27, 0.18)

TMT-A error

Good

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Moderate

0.11 (0.08, 0.34)

0.09 (0.05, 0.30)

0.09 (0.05, 0.30)

0.09 (0.06, 0.31)

0.07 (0.00, 0.26)

Poor

0.16 (0.18, 0.44)

0.14 (0.14, 0.40)

0.14 (0.14, 0.40)

0.14 (0.15, 0.41)

0.09 (0.05, 0.32)

TMT-A response time

Good

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Moderate

0.16 (11.77, 28.91)

0.12 (8.13, 23.29)

0.12 (7.99, 23.03)

0.12 (8.35, 23.41)

0.10 (5.49, 20.78)

Poor

0.23 (21.22, 38.85)

0.19 (17.26, 32.85)

0.19 (17.11, 32.58)

0.19 (17.53, 33.04)

0.15 (11.84, 28.30)

Frontal assessment battery

Good

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Moderate

-0.16 (-1.43, -0.56)

-0.12 (-1.12, -0.36)

-0.11 (-1.12, -0.35)

-0.11 (-1.10, -0.33)

-0.10 (-1.04, -0.26)

Poor

-0.20 (-1.73, -0.84)

-0.15 (-1.38, -0.59)

-0.15 (-1.36, -0.58)

-0.15 (-1.37, -0.58)

-0.13 (-1.27, -0.43)

  1. Note: β, beta coefficient; CI, confidence interval. Model 1: Unadjusted; Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, years of education, marital status, residence, and social security recipient; Model 3: Further adjusted for current smoking, alcohol intake, low physical activity, and body mass index; Model 4: Further adjusted for medical condition, and eye diseases (cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, and blindness); Model 5: Further adjusted for near visual acuity
Back to article page

BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

Contact us