Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants (N = 1068)

Gender

.00^a*

Male

505

47.3%

484

95.8%

21

4.2%

Female

563

52.7%

506

89.9%

57

10.1%

Age

.00^a*

Mean (± SD)

72.2 (± 5.7)

71.9(± 5.5)

75.4(± 6.7)

.00^b*

65–74 years

731

68.4%

693

94.8%

38

5.2%

75 + years

337

31.6%

297

88.1%

40

11.9%

Region of residence

.81^a

Urban area

684

64.0%

635

92.8%

49

7.2%

Suburban area

384

36.0%

355

92.4%

29

7.6%

Education level

.02^a*

Lower than university

798

74.7%

731

91.6%

67

8.4%

University or higher

270

25.3%

259

95.9%

11

4.1%

Employment status

.00^a*

Full-time

125

11.7%

124

99.2%

1

0.8%

Part-time

943

88.3%

866

91.8%

77

8.2%

Marital status

.00^a*

Married

829

77.6%

781

94.2%

48

5.8%

Unmarried

239

22.4%

209

87.4%

30

12.6%

Living status

.02^a*

Alone

99

9.3%

86

86.9%

13

13.1%

With others

969

90.7%

904

93.3%

65

6.7%

Smoking status

.04^a*

No

991

92.8%

914

92.2%

77

7.8%

Yes

77

7.2%

76

98.7%

1

1.3%

Alcohol consumption

.01^a*

No

962

90.1%

885

92%

77

7.8%

Yes

106

9.9%

105

99.1%

1

0.9%

Healthy diet

.00^a*

No

227

21.3%

199

87.7%

28

12.3%

Yes

841

78.7%

791

94.1%

50

5.9%

BMI (kg/\({\text{m}}^{\text{2}})\)

.32^a

Mean (± SD)

24.1 (± 3.5)

24.0(± 3.4)

24.9(± 4.5)

.03^b*

Underweight & Normal weight (BMI < 24 kg/m²)

565

52.9%

528

93.5%

37

6.5%

Overweight (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m²)

503

47.1%

462

91.8%

41

8.2%

Sedentary behavior

.02^a*

Mean (± SD)

271.8(± 136.6)

269.6(± 134.6)

299.7(± 158)

.02^b*

< 9 h/dairy

1009

94.5%

940

93.2%

69

6.8%

≥ 9 h/dairy

59

5.5%

50

84.7%

9

15.3%

Overall physical activity levels

.00^a*

Mean (± SD)

772.9 (± 797.2)

809.9(± 804.3)

303.3(± 506.7)

.00^b*

Insufficient PAL (< 150 min/week)

168

15.7%

129

76.8%

39

23.2%

Sufficient PAL (≥ 150–300 min/week)

184

17.3%

167

90.8%

17

9.2%

Exceeded PAL (> 300 min/week)

716

67%

694

96.9%

22

3.1%

Moderate-intensity PALs (including walking)

.00^a*

Mean (± SD)

701.6 (± 723.9)

733.6(± 729.2)

295.5(± 501.6)

.00^b*

Insufficient PAL (< 150 min/week)

188

17.6%

148

78.7%

40

21.3%

Sufficient PAL (≥ 150–300 min/week)

183

17.1%

166

90.7%

17

9.3%

Exceeded PAL (> 300 min/week)

697

65.3%

676

97%

21

3%

Vigorous-intensity PALs

.01^a*

Mean (± SD)

71.2 (± 243.4)

76.2(± 251.9)

7.82(± 37.8)

.00^b*

Insufficient PAL (< 75 min/week)

900

84.3%

825

91.7%

75

8.3%

Sufficient PAL (≥ 75–150 min/week)

42

3.9%

41

97.6%

1

2.4%

Exceeded PAL (> 150 min/week)

126

11.8%

124

98.4%

2

1.6%